ECOM7123 Open Data & Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)

Data in Smart Cities

Overview

real time data
- collected from
  - devices
  - sensor network
  - IoT
- sources
  - parking spaces
  - city trash bins
  - vehicles
  - energy turbines, etc.
data: existing in different forms
- data in cloud
  - pay for actual usage
  - centralized & remote management
  - accessible in different locations
- big data
  - large and complex data sets
  - difficult to be handled by traditional technologies like relational database
  - requires new technologies and processing applications like Hadoop to deal with
- spatial data
  - 80% of data generated in our daily lives are spatial data
  - identifies the geographic location of features and boundaries on earth
value of data in developing smart city
- to understand where, when, how and why
- to support policy-making
- to optimize operations
- to enable smart apps and services

Future

Overview

Advantages and disadvantages

Aggregate information

definition
- collective data that relates to a group or category of services or customers, from which individual customer identities & characteristics have been removed
function
- to utilize these data can promote efficiency and create opportunities to the community
key points
- using crowdsourcing
- a serious limitation - the data mainly depends on the number of service subscribers, and cannot be comprehensive
- government open data + aggregate information -> form complete pictures of relevant fields

The roadmap for open data infrastructure - 10 key steps

Overview

data is “new oil”
spatial data sharing as a smart city infrastructure
definition
- the term Spatial Data Infrastructure was coined in 1993 by the U.S. National Research Council to denote a framework of technologies, policies and institutional arrangements that together facilitate the creation, exchange, and use of geospatial data and related information resources across an information-sharing community
- such a framework can be implemented narrowly to enable the sharing of geospatial information within an organization or more broadly for use at a national, regional, or global level
- in all cases, an SDI will provide an institutionally sanctioned, automated means for posting, discovering, evaluating, and exchanging geospatial information by participating information producers and users
- SDI extends a GIS by ensuring geospatial data and standards are used to create authoritative datasets and polices that support it
IGIF (The Integrated Geospatial Information Framework)
- note: geospatial information is a nation’s “digital currency” for evidence-based decision-making
what is behind to build a SDI
- policy & institutional framework
- data & technical standard
- technologies & applications
- people & sharing
summary
- SDI provide government departments as well as public and private organisations with an information infrastructure to share spatial data, supporting smart city applications

CSDI (Common Spatial Data Infrastructure)

framework
importance
- better city planning & management
- unlock the wealth of existing knowledge & boost the economy
- make right and agile decisions
potential applications
- COP (Common Operation Picture) - online operations dashboard
  - provides a central location to access a suite of maps and applications for the various groups within the Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
  - the applications support focused workflows and allow each group to contribute to a common operational dataset through a shared services catalog
- risk assessment
- pattern and hotspots analysis
- route planning & navigation
- spatial market research

Spatial data management

SDI around the world - examples

Begin with smart response

a smart future begins with a smart response to changes and challenges
a smart response begins with the adoption of essential technologies which generate large volume of real-time spatial data in open format

To enable public engagement

for citizens
- to voluntarily collect information about surroundings and share with the community
for government
- use SDI to aggregate the data to identify hot spots of services
- to inform citizens and seek their approval when drafting development plans for the future

To build a hub of innovation

SDI and open data strategy creates the infrastructure for information sharing, solution creation, and innovation
data and initiatives in SDI can be actionable and reusable by different communities in the city
a hub of innovation can be built together by government departments, NGOs, startups, academia, businesses, and citizens

An open and smarter future

open data and SDI bring more collaboration and transparency by enabling citizens, businesses, NGOs, academia and government departments working together
a Smart City enabled by open data and SDI is a place where people feel safe, healthy, happy and motivated to improve

SDI is an enabling technology

today’s government & communities need collaboration
- people
- process
- data
- technology
example
- 3D Singapore Sandbox @ GeoWorks